Rheumatology

Chronic rheumatic diseases

Primary chronic rheumatic diseases represent the main field of activity in rheumatology. From a clinical point of view, these forms of the disease require the main attention of specialists in rheumatology. Arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis are the most important examples. Taken together, these three diseases are responsible for more than 90% of pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system. These are inflammatory diseases that affect joints and surrounding areas and develop chronically and progressively. These diseases often lead to stiffening and cause deformities. Primary chronic rheumatic diseases can be divided into two main groups: the "rheumatoid group" and the "spondyloarthritis group". Rheumatoid diseases affect the joints of the limbs, while spondyloarthritis diseases usually affect the spine.

Treatment

The widespread prevalence of rheumatic diseases and their thorough research have led to a significant upswing in rheumatology. The tools available to rheumatologists to diagnose or detect anatomical lesions and dysfunctions have evolved considerably and are becoming increasingly reliable. Elaborate laboratory tests can determine, for example, the immunogenetic structure (i.e. the genes that control the immune response) or the specific autoantibodies that are often "markers" (or distinguishing elements) for certain diseases. Advances in radiology also mark a real turning point in musculoskeletal research, thanks to modern imaging techniques.

By clearly diagnosing the many rheumatic diseases and detecting lesions early and accurately, more effective treatment is possible and in many cases progression of the disease can be prevented. The most severe diseases of the past, such as rheumatic fever or gout (which can lead to kidney failure and death), are now perfectly curable diseases. The prognosis for other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or scleroderma has also improved significantly. Today, these diseases have a significantly higher survival rate, the physical impairments are less and the quality of life of those affected has increased significantly compared to the past.